断奶日龄和日粮营养水平对4~6月龄陕北白绒山羊消化代谢的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究断奶日龄和日粮营养水平对4~6月龄陕北白绒山羊主要营养物质消化代谢的影响。本研究选取54日龄左右的陕北白绒山羊羔羊54只（平均体重（10.73±1.03）kg），随机分为6组，每组3个重复，每个重复3只羊。试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组山羊饲喂标准日粮，断奶日龄分别为90、75、60 d。试验IV、V、VI组山羊的断奶日龄均为60 d，分别饲喂消化能和粗蛋白水平为标准日粮85%、115%、130%的试验日粮。试验期180 d，饲养试验测定羔羊体重和采食量。分别于114~120、144~150、174~180日龄从每个重复中随机挑选1只羊（共18只羊），进行3期消化代谢试验，采集饲料和粪尿样品，测定主要营养物质表观消化率、能量和氮的利用率。结果表明：1）I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组断奶羔羊平均日增重分别为95.97、104.58、108.75 g·d^-1，Ⅲ组显著高于I组（P<0.05），Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的干物质采食量显著高于I组（P<0.01）。2）V组4~6月龄断奶羔羊的食入能、消化能、代谢能、消化氮、沉积氮和氮表观沉积率显著提高（P<0.05）。3）4~6月龄断奶羔羊的日增重和干物质采食量随日粮营养水平的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势（P<0.05）。4）日粮营养水平显著影响DM、EE、NDF、ADF、Ca、P、N、能量的消化代谢率（P<0.05）。5）除干物质外，EE、NDF、ADF、Ca、P、N、能量的消化代谢率随着月龄的增加呈上升趋势。本试验条件下，就陕北白绒山羊断奶羔羊生长性能而言，60日龄断奶最佳；就4~6月龄断奶羔羊整体营养平衡和消化代谢而言，日粮能蛋水平按现行饲养标准的1.15倍设置为宜。

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of weaning age and dietary nutrition levels on the digestion and metabolism of major nutrients of Shaanbei White Cashmere goats aged from 4 to 6 months old. In the experiment, fifty-four female Shaanbei White Cashmere goats aged 54 days old (average body weight was (10.73±1.03)kg) were selected and randomly assigned to 6 groups, with 3 replicates per group and 3 for each replicate. Goats in group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed standard diets, and the weaning age was 90, 75 and 60 d, respectively. Goats in group IV, V and VI were all weaned at 60 d, and the energy and protein levels of their diet were 85%, 115% and 130% of the standard diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 180 days. Three digestion and metabolism trails were conducted at the age of 114-120, 144-150, 174-180 d, respectively. One goat (a total of 18 goats) was randomly selected from each replicate for a 3-phase digestion and metabolism test. Samples of feed, feces and urine were collected for measuring the apparent digestibility of main nutrients and the utilization rate of energy and nitrogen. The results showed that:1)The average daily gain of weaned lambs in the group I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 95.97, 104.58 and 108.75 g·d^-1, respectively, and the value of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group I (P<0.05). The dry matter intake of goats in the group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group I (P<0.01). 2) The intake energy, digestive energy, metabolic energy, digestible nitrogen, retention nitrogen and the apparent retention rate of nitrogen of 4-6 months old weaned lambs were significantly increased in the group V (P<0.05). 3) The dry matter intake and the average daily gain of 4-6 months old weaned lambs increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of dietary nutrient levels (P<0.05). 4) The dietary nutrition levels significantly affected the digestion and metabolism of DM, EE, NDF, ADF, Ca, P, N and energy (P<0.05). 5) Except for DM, the digestive and metabolic rates of EE, NDF, ADF, Ca, P, N and energy increased with the increasing age. In this study, lambs of Shaanbei White Cashmere goats weaning at 60 d had the best growth performance. As for the overall nutritional balance and the digestion and metabolism levels of 4-6 months old weaned lambs, the optimal dietary energy and protein level is recommended to be 1.15 times higher than that of the current standard diet.

中图分类号:

曲星梅, 阚博文, 刘素趁, 李碧波, 张恩平. 断奶日龄和日粮营养水平对4~6月龄陕北白绒山羊消化代谢的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(1): 94-104.

QU Xingmei, KAN Bowen, LIU Suchen, LI Bibo, ZHANG Enping. Effects of Weaning Age and Dietary Nutrition Levels on Major Nutrients Digestibility and Metabolism of Shaanbei White Cashmere Goats Aged from 4 to 6 Months Old[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(1): 94-104.

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